China Geological Survey, Hydrogeology and Environmental Director YIN Yueping recently pointed out that water shortage has become China's economic and social development of the "bottleneck." In recent years, vigorously carry out the development and utilization of groundwater resources, but in terms of management, and advanced level is still a difference of 10 to 20 years.
 
 
Growing problem of water pollution in China has been the source of drinking water in some cities pose a direct threat. September 5, the NPC Standing Committee General Office of the Water Pollution Control Act to the public the revised draft to solicit opinions. All walks of life have a letter through the network and other channels opinions and suggestions and actively participate in legislative work.

It is understood that the existing Water Pollution Control Act of 1984 enacted in 1996 was revised. In 2005, the NPC Standing Committee organized a Water Pollution Control Act enforcement inspection, the inspection team suggested that the Water Pollution Control Act to modify step. In 2006, the NPC Standing Committee, including the Water Pollution Control Act, including the implementation of relevant environmental laws have been followed up inspection, again to speed up the revision process of the Water Pollution Control Act.

Reporters found that the masses of recommendations mainly focused on three focus issues.

Key words: indicator

● Control into the performance evaluation

● ensure that data is true

Some people suggested that some companies the total amount of water pollutants, though a small, but great harm, such as mercury and other heavy metals. Proposed draft amendments to the focus on the total water pollutant emission control system to implement the provisions of, modify, and substance for the implementation of emissions control system of harmful pollutants. Some suggested that total control to the environmental carrying capacity of water bodies, based on the target can not provide for periodic, it is recommended to provide for the total pollutant waters.

Some suggested that more than key indicators of water pollutant emission control areas, local governments should develop abatement plan, and report to higher level people's government for approval, plans should be included in the completion of evaluation of government performance indicators.

Renmin University of China, director of population, resources and environmental economics Houdong Min believes that the introduction of pollutants emission control and emission permit system must be relatively accurate based on information on emissions of pollutants. But this is now the weakest link in environmental management. False data in some places to get away.

Hou Dongmin should be made to solve such problems, should follow the first principle of handling real data, we must first increase the penalties for false information. Currently, the environmental standards, environmental sewage capacity side, the serious pollution of any region is not about the power overnight. Accountability at the local environmental protection, pollution control, and the total licensing and other practical implementation, will reflect the principle of gradual and orderly progress. General limit pollution should be done to further the development of new accounts do not owe, according to the principles of economic efficiency, environmental governance, and gradually reduce the area of ​​environmental pollution, the regional environment and gradually move closer to the environmental standards, the formation of the appropriate institutional arrangements and effective appraisal system.

Houdong Min said that the strengthening of data authenticity, the State Council should strengthen the environmental protection departments (including the relevant state departments of water administration) to monitor the situation of key polluting enterprises and sampling of the job function.

Key words: cost

● reduce the "compliance costs"

● sewage discharge permit is not allowed

Some letters suggested that the draft amendments to the provisions of the permit system for emission permits to obtain easily misunderstood, you can directly or indirectly to the sewage water. In fact, the sewage discharge permit is not legal documents, to obtain emission permits, firms must also deal with the pollution it generates, and meet national standards before they can discharge the water. The proposed amendment to the provisions of this clear.

Some people proposed to increase provisions, without a sewage discharge permit or revocation of license, the administrative department for industry and commerce may issue business license or examined for certification procedures.

Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economic Research Office Ren Gongyi comprehensive view to improve the "illegal costs" will certainly bound to play an active role in polluting behavior, but as the sound of another part of the legal liability? D? D how to reduce "compliance costs", hoped that the draft in the revision process can be further clarified.

Gong Yi, for example, if in accordance with the provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act, "key pollutant discharging units shall install automatic monitoring equipment for water pollutants, and environmental protection department in charge of network monitoring equipment", the resulting costs, who should pay ? If we allow enterprises to take, in fact increased, "the cost of compliance." According to the modern law "presumption of innocence" principle, the law can not assume that any business "illegal." However, if the assumption of these enterprises are "law-abiding", and who must be "legally" install the monitoring equipment, is to increase the "cost of compliance."

Key words: accountability

● establish a government accountability

● increase the penalties for the illegal types of additional

Some people suggested to increase the types of violations and penalties business requirements, increase penalties. The draft amendments to a water pollution accident calculated by a fine of direct loss provisions and complicated procedures, law enforcement agencies to be entrusted to a qualified monitoring agency to assess the amount of damages, costs of human and financial resources. Proposed distinction between the size of the accident, provides for a fine amount.

Some propose increasing illegal government departments and relevant personnel of punishment, increasing dismissed from public office, resignation and other form of liability.

Fan Xiao Sichuan scholars believe that some excessive sewage companies, local government tax revenue because it is big, but also easy access to local government shelters, or even hang up the protection of the brand. Environmental protection departments, as one branch of government, administration difficulties.

Damaged due to water pollution and the general public or vulnerable groups, if the event of litigation with the local government, as the current limitations of the Legal Aid Ordinance, activists face many difficulties.

Fan Xiao proposed, in order to make this a truly effective law as "law", should form an effective control procedure, of course, should include "local government law," the constraints. To strengthen, refine and implement the "public opinion, public participation, legal aid" and other aspects of legal construction, in order to "local government law," the formation of effective checks and balances.

Environmental non-governmental organizations? D? D of Public and Environmental Ma Jun, director of the Center hopes that the revised Water Pollution Control Act, to effectively protect the citizens right to information, participation and the right to judicial relief, the effective mobilization of all social forces, the social consensus into practical action to combat water pollution. Source: China Geological Environmental Information Network

Of groundwater pollution is very serious, but never carried through the system, professional investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution, causing no wish to control the basis of people want to do nothing from the source to control the lack of knowledge of its dangers. Bentong China Geological Survey said Dr. Light, has just launched a national investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution, will tell the people of groundwater, pollution, there are multiple!

Once the pollution of groundwater, from an economic point of view, almost no possibility of governance must be to contain pollution at source

The total area of ​​about 1 / 5 of heavy-metal contamination of cultivated land, an annual cut more than 1,000 tons of food, pollution, up to 12 million tons of grain

National 2 / 3 decline in groundwater quality in the city, thousands of abandoned water wells

Groundwater pollution investigation and evaluation of delay, and the United States into the 20th century, not the level of 80

Lack of legal protection, difficult to carry out the investigation and evaluation

Since 1999, land resources survey of typical eastern China started investigation and assessment of groundwater pollution in the pilot project. When evaluating the results came out, shocked the experts - the detection of trace organic pollutants in general, carcinogenic, cause distortion, caused by mutations in the "three to" material detected in varying degrees, was a regional groundwater pollution trends ... ...

"China's water pollution is serious, the overall situation is unknown, carry out a comprehensive investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution is an immediate need." China Geological Survey, Department of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Dr. Man Winter Light, "This year, China's first nationwide investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution in full swing, groundwater pollution control in China will provide a scientific basis. "

Industrial waste, agricultural pollution, solid waste, heavy pollution of groundwater embarrassed

In our current structure of water, groundwater ranked side, occupy the country's total water supply of 1 / 5. But a large number of emissions of industrial waste, agricultural pollution, solid waste, allows the water gradually so difficult to bear heavy responsibility.

It is understood that, at present, a conservative effluent emissions to 584 billion cubic meters / year, the existing life and the total over 12 billion tons of industrial waste, and this number is to increase the rate of 130 million tons per year; 4,000 million each year tons of fertilizer and 40 million tons of pesticides were streaming into the field, a considerable part of the crop not be absorbed, but rather into the soil, groundwater, residues can not be degraded for decades; of the total cultivated area of ​​1 / 5 of the nearly 2,000 million hectares of arable land affected by cadmium, arsenic, chromium, lead, heavy metal pollution, an annual cut more than 1,000 tons of food, pollution, over 12 million tons of grain, resulting in economic losses of at least 200 billion ... ...

Moreover, groundwater pollution in China has shown the evolution from point to plane, from east to west extension, spreading from cities to rural areas, spread from local to regional trends; pollutant components from inorganic to organic growth, increasing levels of harm serious; expanding area of ​​groundwater pollution, pollution is increasing. Bentong light that the National 2 / 3 of the city of groundwater quality has declined and thousands of abandoned water wells.

Investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution lagged 15 years

Compared with the U.S., our investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution at least 15 years behind. Bentong just say, not only in the time lag, but the main technology behind the method, the survey and investigation in which the narrow content of the unfriendly environment, which is critical of the current situation of groundwater pollution is not matched.

China's first investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution can be traced back to the 20th century, 70's, but it was mainly carried out through specialized systems for the investigation of groundwater pollution, a greater impact on groundwater of toxic organic pollutants and its spatial and temporal distribution migration in the underground environment is not enough known about the performance. At present, the survey data on groundwater contamination is still not adequate, the overall pollution situation of the country is unknown.

The United States as early as 80 years in the 20th century that launched the "National Water Quality Assessment Scheme", to 2001, the U.S. 2 / 3 of the aquifer system have carried out groundwater organic and inorganic multi-indicator survey and evaluation, the same year, the second round of the National Water quality evaluation started. To promote the development of this cause, the U.S. government has set up a "super fund", the amount of up to hundreds of billions of dollars. And until today, China's investment in this work has not reached the U.S. level of 80 20th century.

In addition, the investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution in the lack of legal protection. Wen told reporters in winter light in the past to carry out investigation and assessment of groundwater pollution in the pilot work, or even individual enterprises investigators dogs adverse event driven. He said the state should establish the ground water pollution from the legislation, the legal status of the investigation and prevention to ensure the smooth progress of this work.

Investigative techniques in the study of groundwater pollution, Wen said the winter light, China has always been tracking international theory, technology, but only limited research because funding is not put to practical reasons such projects.

Investigation and assessment will be combined with international standards and China's actual

For the investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution are the main problem, the winter light, said this year launched a comprehensive investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution nationwide, mainly in developed countries with reference to the success of groundwater quality assessment, on this basis, the actual situation in our country improvement. For example, in considering the commonly used chemicals and financial state, based on a representative selection of pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, petrol, etc. as the detection index.

Bentong light, the current investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution is a system to identify the overall goal of water quality and pollution of groundwater, the groundwater resources protection and pollution control to provide a scientific basis for the protection of national security and ecological security of water supply to provide basic data for hydrogeological research and popularization of scientific knowledge of groundwater pollution prevention and control provide the basic information.

To achieve this goal, China Geological Survey Bureau will organize a series of work: the identification of hydrogeological conditions; systematic survey of the major groundwater zones and with the development prospects of ground water quality and pollution; to groundwater quality, groundwater pollution, groundwater Vulnerability Assessment of the system; the development and protection of ground water pollution control division; establishing spatial database of groundwater quality and pollution; proposed groundwater quality and pollution monitoring network optimization.

Investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution in two phases. To carry out the first phase of the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Plain, Songliao Plain and other areas and 31 provincial capital cities of the investigation and evaluation of groundwater pollution, water pollution control in key areas and protection division; the second phase in the Midwest major cities, mainly plain (basin) area, completion of the national water pollution control and protection division, establish a comprehensive groundwater quality and pollution early warning system.

As part of this work, the China Geological Survey Bureau has formulated the "investigation and assessment of groundwater pollution norms," ​​from the field survey, sampling and testing, evaluation and all aspects of zoning and other specific provisions made clear. Also held many training courses, mainly on the systematic training of technical personnel, advanced equipment purchased bought some of the laboratory analysis and testing has made a strict requirements to ensure that the survey data and reliable science fair .

Groundwater pollution, prevention is more important than treatment

Groundwater once the pollution control it is no easy task. This is because not only pollute the groundwater contamination, will be water media (sand, clay) adsorption. In 2004, a Japanese experts estimate that pollution in Japan up to 400,000 sites focus as much, if all the processing required more than 10 trillion yen, from an economic point of view, the possibility of doing so little. Therefore, to prevent groundwater pollution, is the drastic measure. Bentong light that China's current address the following questions should be focused.

- Strengthening the prevention of pollution of groundwater information, education, so that the public and all levels of government understand the dangers of groundwater pollution and the importance of prevention.

- Develop comprehensive water pollution control laws and regulations. Through legal control of soil and groundwater pollution is very necessary, especially in industrialized countries, this need is particularly significant. Bentong light that it can refer to the practice of developed countries. In the U.S., some European countries, land-use change, you must be where the area of ​​soil and groundwater pollution assessment, only the required quality standards before the land transfer and construction projects. This approach can constrain corporate polluters, to develop their consciousness of environmental protection.

- As soon as possible to identify the country of groundwater pollution, development and implementation of ground water pollution prevention plan, the effective protection of groundwater resources. Should focus on the eastern city recently completed intensive areas, important economic zones (with), major cities and control groundwater pollution investigation and assessment of development planning.

- Solve the problem of pollutant emissions disorder, so the first treatment and then discharge. Because groundwater pollution control difficult, long, costly, so the protection of groundwater against pollution of the most effective way is to cut off the sources of pollution. Major source of pollution is the urban waste water, waste and garbage. In developed countries, these are treated before discharge, while in China, many cities still direct emissions, landfill, poses a serious threat to groundwater.

- As soon as possible to establish a national groundwater pollution monitoring network and information system, and groundwater sources of drinking water quality in important real-time monitoring. Strengthen the mechanism of groundwater pollution and prevention technology research, the establishment of a number of soil and groundwater pollution control demonstration projects for future large-scale implementation of the groundwater pollution control methods and accumulated experience to provide technical